THE CALIPHATE

The caliph was often known as Amir al-Mu'minin, or "Commander of the Believers". Muhammad established his capital in Medina, and after he died it remained the capital for the Rashidun period. The first caliph to be called Amir al-Mu'minin was Abu Bakr Siddique, followed by Umar ibn al-Khattāb, the second of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. Uthman ibn Affan and Ali ibn Abi Talib also were called by the same title.

After the first four caliphs, the Caliphate was claimed by dynasties such as the Umayyads, the Abbasids, and the Ottomans, and for relatively short periods by other, competing dynasties in al-Andalus, North Africa, and Egypt. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk officially abolished the last Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire, and founded the Republic of Turkey, in 1924. The Kings of Morocco still label themselves with the title Amir al-Mu'minin for the Moroccans, but lay no claim to the Caliphate.

Abu Bakr, the first successor of Muhammad, nominated Umar as his successor on his deathbed, and there was consensus in the Muslim community to his choice. Umar Ibn Khattab, the second caliph, was killed by a servant. His successor, Uthman Ibn Affan, was elected by a council of electors (Majlis), but was soon perceived by some to be ruling as a "king" rather than an elected leader. Uthman was killed by members of a disaffected group. Ali then took control but was not universally accepted as caliph by the governors of Egypt, and later by some of his own guard. He faced two major rebellions and was assassinated after a tumultuous rule of only five years.

Muawiyah, a relative of Uthman and governor (Wali) of Syria, became one of Ali's challengers and after Ali's death managed to overcome the other claimants to the Caliphate. Muawiyah transformed the caliphate into a hereditary office, thus founding the Umayyad dynasty. Under the Umayyads, the Caliphate grew rapidly in territory. Islamic rule expanded westward across North Africa and into Hispania and eastward through Persia and ultimately to the ancient lands of Indus Valley, in modern day Pakistan. This made it one of the largest unitary states in history and one of the few states to ever extend direct rule over three continents (Africa, Europe, and Asia).

Source: Wikipedia English, 17 February 2011

VICEGERENT ON EARTH

In Islam, ownership in an absolute sense belongs to God (Allah). The earth and its natural resources are God’s blessings.

First, “To Allah belongs all that the heavens and earth contain” (Qur'an, 2:284). Second, “ Do you not see how Allah has subdued to you all that is in the earth?” (Qur'an, 22:65). Third, “God has subjected to you what the heavens and the earth contain, and all is from God” (Qur'an, 45:13).

The Quran also indicates that God has created man as God deputy on earth to enjoy and protect God’s creation. First, “God said to the angels; “I will create a vicegerent on earth” (Qur'an, 2:30). Second, “It is God who hath made you the inheritors of the earth” (Qur'an, 6:165).

It is important to remember that Islamic economics is of a normative form. Thus, the use of these resources is subject to Islamic norms of moderation and avoidance of wastefulness.

The earth and its resources must be protected for all generations to come. In a few words, Islamic social justice demands intergenerational equity as well. This suggests that while we are allowed to use these resources for our own benefits, we must also protect them for our progeny.

Consequently, Islamic economics could resolve a major problem that has preoccupied Western economists for a long time, namely, the problem of negative externalities and its impact on the environment.

In Islam, the earth and its resources belong to God, and moslems are obligated to protect these resources for future generations. Consequently, Islamic norms will not allow one to benefit from these resources and impose cost on others.

A complete application of Islamic norms will eliminate the problem of negative externalities and provide a safeguard for environmental protection.

ISLAMIC VALUES IS SIMPLE AND REASONABLE

Prophet Muhammad is a direct descendant of Ishmael, the first son of Abraham (peace be on all prophets). Muhammad was born in Makkah in 570 CE. By the time Muhammad was twenty five, he had become well known in the city, for the integrity of his disposition, and the honesty of his character. He became known as the trustworthy, and the truthful. Muhammad bring Islamic values to the humans in the world.

Islamic values is a simple, reasonable, practical religion, and free from priestcraft and the above charge. It is away of life for the social, moral, and trascendental development of humanity. It does not demand of man to surrender his reasoning faculties, nor does it demand a blind faith in obscure and inexplicable mysteries. It teaches the purest form of monotheism and regards polytheism as an unpardonable sin.

The other fact, Islam (moslems) relation with West have polarized. Continously devastating condition of Palestinians, who have tyrant and unjust authoritizing by Israel (Jew or Zionist). NATO and USA (Jew, Zionist, and Christian) invations on Afghanistan (2002 until now), and Iraq (2003 until now), had destruction and killings of several hundred thousand people (moslem, or Islamist) of Afghanistan and Iraq. Evil treatment of prisoners by USA Military (Jew, Zionist, and Christian) in Abu Ghraib (Iraq region) and Guantanamo (Cuba region) are some of the major factors which have turned the world into a lawless, and unjust global village.

The other of other fact, the New Testament says, in the words of Jesus: First, "And I will pray the Father, and He shall give you another comforter, that he may abide with you for ever" (John 14:16). Second, "But when the comforter is come, whom I will send unto you, from the Father, even the spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me" (John 15:26). Third, "Nevertheless I tell you the truth. It is expedient for you that I go away, for the if I go not away, the comforter will not come unto you. But if I depart, I will send him unto you" (John 16:7). Fourth, "I have yet many things to say unto you, but he can not bear them now. Howbeit when he, the spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth. For he shall not speak of him self. But whatsoever he shall hear, that he shall speak, and he will shew you things to come. He shall glorify me, for he shall receive of mine, and shall show it unto you" (John 16:12-14).

The comforter whose mean on the New Testament is the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the man whose bring the Islamic values from God (Allah) to human being in the universe. All prophets from Adam until Muhammad (peace be upon them) came to preach the same religion, which continued to grow and grow, until it reached perfection at the hand of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Although Islam is regarded as the youngest of all revealed religions, it is not a new religion, but a continuation of the first religion of God (Allah) to man, purged, and purified, time after time, from all human adulterations, and restored to its original purity.

Prophet Muhammad was 40 years old, when he was visited by angel Gabriel (peace be on him), received his first message from God (Allah). These visits continued for the next 23 years until his death. All of the message thus received were put together by the Prophet Muhammad in a book called the Holy Qur'an. For moslems, the Holy Qur'an is the word of God (Allah). In the interpretation of the verses, must be use historic context, events that moslems were facing at that time, and the Sunnah matter.

Sunnah refers to the sayings, approvals, and disapprovals of the Prophet Muhammad. These are compiled in separate books, known as Hadith Books. Unlike the Holy Qur'an which was compiled by Prophet Muhammad himself, the Hadith Books were compiled after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.

ISLAMIC VALUES FOR JUSTICE

The USA (United States of America) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organizations) member states practice Western values in their states. So, they always support each of the crimes committed ofIsrael Israel terhadap Palestina. against Palestinians. Bahkan untuk mendukung keunggulan Even to support the excellence ofIsrael Israel, atas negara-negara Islam di sekitarnya, Amerika Serikat dan NATO menyerang the USA and NATO attacks Afghanistan Afghanistan dan and Iraq Iraq yang selalu mendukung Palestina. who always supported the Palestinians.

Continously devastating condition of Palestinians, who have tyrant and unjust authoritizing by Israel. The USA and NATO invations on Afghanistan and build the puppet government of Afghanistan (2002 until now), and invations on Iraq and build the puppet government of Iraq (2003 until now), had destruction and killings of several hundred thousand people (moslem, or Islamist) of Afghanistan and Iraq. Evil treatment of prisoners by USA Military in Abu Ghraib (Iraq region) and Guantanamo (Cuba region) are some of the major factors which have turned the world into a lawless, and unjust global village.

Fakta ini menunjukkan lemahnya nilai-nilai Barat dalam memperjuangkan hak asasi manusia, keadilan dan kesejahter

This fact shows the weakness of Western values in the fight for human rights, justice and prosperity. Apabila umat manusia terus menerus berpegang pada nilai-nilai Barat, maka ia akan gagal melihat tegaknya hak asasi manusia, keadilan, dan kesejahteraan di dunia. Umat manusia akan terus menerus melihat kejahatan kemanusiaan yang dilakukan Israel terhadap Palestina. If human beings continue to hold on to Western values, then it will fail to see the upholding of human rights, justice and prosperity in the world. The human race will continue to view Israel's crimes being committed against Palestinians. Nilai-nilai Barat tidak akan mampu melawan Israel, dan akan gagal menjadikan Israel sebagai bangsa yang beradab. Western values will not be able to fight Israel, and will fail to make Israel as a civilized nation.

Allah SWT telah mengingatkan umat manusia tentang lemahnya nilai-nilai Barat dalam memperjuangkan hak asasi manusia, keadilan, dan kesejahteraan.

God (Allah) has reminded mankind about the weakness of Western values in the fight for human rights, justice and prosperity. Pernyataan Allah SWT tentang hal ini telah tertuang dalam Al Qur'an (QS. 2:120 dan 114) sejak abad ketujuh, dan masih relevan hingga saat ini. God's statement about this in the Holly Qur'an (Surah 2:120 and 114) since the seventh century, and still relevant today. Fakta kejahatan kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh Israel terhadap Palestina telah membuktikan relevansi pernyataan Allah SWT tersebut, dan sekaligus menjadi bukti kebenaran segenap pernyataan Allah SWT dalam Al Qur'an. Facts crimes being committed by Israel against Palestinians have proven the relevance of the statement of God, and become the proof of the truth of all statements in the Holly Qur'an.

Perhatikanlah perjuangan Palestina dalam menghadapi kejahatan kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh Israel sejak 1920 hingga saat ini (2010).

Consider the Palestinian struggle in the face of the crimes being committed by Israel from 1920 until today (2010). Nilai-nilai Islam yang dipraktekkan oleh Palestina, telah menjadikan mereka mampu terus menerus, tanpa kenal lelah, dan tanpa putus asa berjuang melawan kejahatan kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh Israel. Islamic values are practiced by the Palestinians, has made them capable of continuously, tirelessly, and without the desperate struggle against the crimes being committed by Israel. Islamic valuesAqidah, ibadah, muamallah, adab, dan akhlak menjadikan mereka mampu bertahan dalam menghadapi serangan udara, darat dan laut oleh Israel, serta blokade oleh Israel dan Mesir. made the Palestinians able to survive in the face of attacks by air, land and sea by Israel, and the blockade by Israel and Egypt.

PAST OR PRESENT

If moslems are not critical, they can be fooled by writings of Francis Fukuyama titled "The End of History and The Last Man" (1992), which describes the victory of Capitalism and Liberal Democracy (CLD) against Communism and the Socialist (CS). If moslems are not critical, so they can be fooled, as if CS collapsed because of superior values CLD.
Actually, really not the case. CS collapsed, because of the fragility of the values championed and practiced. Uniquely, the vulnerability is also present in the values championed and practiced by CLD.
The battle between the CLD with CS, is like a boxing match between two people suffering from malnutrition. These two boxers will both fall due to starvation (hunger core values). In other words, these two boxers are equally vulnerable (vulnerability of conception), and not worthy of boxing (in competition).
One boxer (CLD) claims to have managed to knock the other boxer (CS). Indeed, the other boxer (CS) collapsed due to hunger, not because of being punched by his opponent (CLD). Then boxer who claim to be the winner (CLD) fell after the announced as the winner, as well as starvation.
So CLD and CS both fell, because of hunger (hunger primary values), not because each drop. Thus, there is no great CLD (Capitalism and Liberal Democracy).
Indeed, CLD synonymous with the tradition of darkness, when the Islamic values is not detected by humans. It is not the conception of the glorification of capital owners, which one human against another human being, the economy of interest, voting in a set way of error, adultery, worship man by man, and the forms of other error has been there since long ago (age of darkness). Thus, there is no great in CLD (Capitalism and Liberal Democracy).
Therefore, Allah (God) says, "That was a people who have past, what it has earned for him, and you (moslem) what you earn, and you will not be questioned about what responsibility they have done" (Qur'an 2:141).
Based on the words of Allah is known, that the people who apply the Islamic values (moslem) are the people of today. While, people who are not willing to apply the Islamic values are the people of the past.
If at the present there are people (or society) are not willing to apply the Islamic values, then it is the past people (or society) who live today. They are not the people (or society) actually present, because they follow the values are the past (the values before Islamic values come).
People of the past failed to understand the truth, not willing to worship Allah, in arranged damaged of social interaction, and do not have manners to conduct to use (see the violence by NATO, USA, and Israel in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Palestine). This is because they reject the Islamic values, as stipulated in The Holy Qur'an and Al-Hadith.

ISLAMIC PHOBIA

Islamic world has refers to the worldwide community of moslems. This community number about 1.3 - 1.5 billion people, roughly one-fifth of the world population. This community is spread across many different nations and ethnic groups connected by religion and a shared sense of humanity.
In a historical or geopolitical sense the term usually refers collectively to moslem majority countries or countries in which Islam dominates politically. Moslem history involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion, and as a social institution.
The history of Islam began in Arabia with The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) first recitations of The Holy Qur'an in the 7th century. The Caliphate grew rapidly geographically expansion of moslem power well beyond the Arabian peninsula in the form of a vast moslem empire with an area of influence that stretched from northwest India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, southern Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees.
The Islamic Empire significantly contributed to globalization during the Islamic Golden Age, when the knowledge, trade, and economies from many previously isolated regions, and civilizations began integrating due to contacts with moslem explorers, sailors, scholars, traders, and travelers. This helped establish the Islamic Empire as the world's leading extensive economic power throughout the 7th-13th centuries. Several contemporary medieval Arabic reports also suggest that moslem explorers from al-Andalus (Spain) may have travelled in expeditions across the Atlantic Ocean between the 9th and 14th centuries.
Now, many peoples in West world have Islamic phobia. They manifest their phobia in attack to moslem peoples in West world, and Islamic world. The U.S.-led "war on terrorism" has been a war on Islam. In 2009, in his first formal television interview as USA President, Barack Obama, addressed the Islamic world for a new partnership, "based on mutual respect and mutual interest." But until now, moslem peoples in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Palestine still oppressed by NATO and Israel.

ALLAH (GOD) WARNING

Allah (God) said, "Hi Israel peoples! Call to mind My favor which I bestowed on you, and be faithful to your covenant with Me. I will fulfill My covenant with you. Me alone should you be afraid. Believe in what I have revealed (The Holy Qur'an), that verifying which is with you (The Holy Torah), and be not the first to deny God (Allah), neither take a mean price in exchange for My guidance (The Holy Qur'an). Me alone should you be afraid" (Qur'an, 2:40-41).
Allah give warning statement to Israel peoples (include Israel government) to do not mix up the truth with the falsehood, nor hide the truth while they know it. This warning statement confirm Israel government lies about holocaust, or "holocaust lies". When Jewish and Israel government talk about holocaust in NAZI era, or World War Second in 1939 - 1945, indeed that is not true, not truth, or not right. Holocaust is only story as an argument to occupied the Palestinians land, and oppressed the Palestinian peoples.
Although, NAZI and its activities organized by Germany peoples (Hitler and his allied), not by Palestinian people (moslem peoples). In World War Second, knows that 6 million Jewish peoples has died, but 54 millions non Jewish peoples has died. Like in Nazi era, now in the Palestinians land, Palestinian peoples are arrested, kept for months or even years in Israeli prison, by Israeli Occupation Soldiers.
The present humanitarian disaster in Palestinians land would be deepened by the ongoing Israeli blockade on fuel, and food supplies. The Palestinians peoples could not go from this situation, and they have deep poverty, disease, and malnutrition.
In Jewish settlements and around the West Bank town of Hebron, Jewish settlers were seen dancing in an apparent expression of joy over the tragedy in Gaza Strip. Jewish settler in Hebron wielding automatic rifles attacked Palestinians and vandalized their property, in full view of Israeli Occuption Soldiers, and who looked on passively. Jewish settler and Israelis are bunch of criminals, who are committing all sorts of crimes against humanity.
In Palestinian land, innocent civilian of Palestinians were dying by Israeli attack. Bakeries were stopping making bread, and the hospitals were cold as electricity generators stopped due to fuel shortages. Yet, USA government, under the influence of Jewish lobby, always veto an UN Security Council condemning such crimes.
So, Allah command to Israel peoples to accept the Islamic values. They must keep up prayer, and pay the poor-rate, and bow down with moslems who bow down. Allah ask in warning sounds to Israel peoples, cause they enjoin men to be good, and neglect them own souls, while they read The Holy Torah.
Allah command to Israel peoples to seek assistance through patience and prayer in Islamic values. Most surely it is a hard thing, except for the humble ones, that is the human who accept the Islamic values, and who know that they shall meet their God (Allah), and that they shall return to Allah.
Allah said, "Hi Israel peoples! Call to mind My favor which I bestowed on you, and that I made you excel the nations. But be on your guard against a day, when one soul shall not avail another in the least, neither shall intercession on its behalf be accepted, nor shall any compensation be taken from it, nor shall you be helped" (Qur'an, 2:47-48).